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Insomnia
Also known as Can't sleep, Difficulty sleeping, Sleeplessness, and Trouble falling asleep
Insomnia, or sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired. While the term is sometimes used to describe a disorder demonstrated by polysomnographic evidence of disturbed sleep, insomnia is often practically defined as a positive response to either of two questions: "Do you experience difficulty sleeping?" or "Do you have difficulty falling or staying asleep?"
Source: WikipediaWhat causes it?
The most common causes of insomnia are depression, obstructive sleep apnea (osa), and anxiety. Other possible causes, such as schizophrenia, are more rare.
What symptoms are related?
Within all the people who go to their doctor with insomnia, 58% report having depression, 56% report having anxiety and nervousness, and 38% report having abnormal breathing sounds.
What might my doctor prescribe?
Common Tests and Procedures
Patients with insomnia often receive psychotherapy, other diagnostic procedures (interview; evaluation; consultation), mental health counseling, lipid panel, depression screen, other therapeutic procedures on eyelids; conjunctiva; cornea, toxicology screen and electroencephalogram (eeg) .
Common Medications
The most commonly prescribed drugs for patients with insomnia include zolpidem (ambien), eszopiclone (lunesta), temazepam, melatonin, ramelteon (rozerem), doxepin, zaleplon (sonata), dextroamphetamine (adderall), acetaminophen / diphenhydramine, triazolam (halcion), frovatriptan (frova), riboflavin and valerian root extract .
| Zolpidem (Ambien) | $18 (28 days) | |
| Eszopiclone (Lunesta) | $164 (28 days) | |
| Temazepam | $10 (28 days) | |
| Melatonin | $5 (21 days) | |
| Ramelteon (Rozerem) | $128 (28 days) | |
| Doxepin | $10 (28 days) | |
| Zaleplon (Sonata) | $35 (28 days) | |
| Dextroamphetamine (Adderall) | $98 (28 days) | |
| Triazolam (Halcion) | $13 (28 days) | |
| Frovatriptan (Frova) | $298 (21 days) | |
| Riboflavin | ||
| Valerian Root Extract |
Who is at risk?
Groups of people at highest risk for insomnia include .
Age
| < 1 years | 0.9x | |
| 1-4 years | 0.6x | |
| 5-14 years | 0.4x | |
| 15-29 years | 0.7x | |
| 30-44 years | 1.3x | |
| 45-59 years | 1.5x | |
| 60-74 years | 1.1x | |
| 75+ years | 0.7x |
Sex
| Male | 1.0x | |
| Female | 1.0x |
Race/Ethnicity
| Black | 0.8x | |
| Hispanic | 0.8x | |
| White | 1.1x | |
| Other | 1.0x |
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