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Dementia
Dementia (taken from Latin, originally meaning "madness", from de- "without" + ment, the root of mens "mind") is a serious loss of global cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. It may be static, the result of a unique global brain injury, or progressive, resulting in long-term decline due to damage or disease in the body. Although dementia is far more common in the geriatric population, it can occur before the age of 65, in which case it is termed "early onset dementia".
Source: WikipediaWhat are the symptoms?
Within all the people who go to their doctor with dementia, 53% report having disturbance of memory, 45% report having problems with movement, and 32% report having depressive or psychotic symptoms. The symptoms that are highly suggestive of dementia are disturbance of memory, problems with movement, hostile behavior, and disturbance of smell or taste, although you may still have dementia without those symptoms.
- Disturbance of memory strong predictor 53
- Problems with movement strong predictor 45
- Dizziness 32
- Depressive or psychotic symptoms 32
- Abnormal involuntary movements 26
- Paresthesia 21
- Hostile behavior strong predictor 21
- Delusions or hallucinations 15
- Difficulty speaking 13
- Insomnia 13
- Disturbance of smell or taste strong predictor 13
- Focal weakness 9
What might my doctor prescribe?
Common Tests and Procedures
Patients with dementia often receive electrocardiogram, x-ray computed tomography, mental health counseling, lipid panel, physical therapy exercises, occupational therapy assessment, cat scan of head and magnetic resonance imaging .
Common Medications
The most commonly prescribed drugs for patients with dementia include donepezil (aricept), memantine (namenda), carbidopa / levodopa, rivastigmine (exelon), galantamine, mirtazapine, thiamine, pramipexole (mirapex), felodipine, bisacodyl (the magic bullet), modafinil (provigil), raloxifene (evista) and deferasirox (exjade) .
| Donepezil (Aricept) | $210 (28 days) | |
| Memantine (Namenda) | $157 (28 days) | |
| Rivastigmine (Exelon) | $204 (28 days) | |
| Galantamine | $129 (28 days) | |
| Mirtazapine | $16 (28 days) | |
| Thiamine | $3 (28 days) | |
| Pramipexole (Mirapex) | $121 (28 days) | |
| Felodipine | $41 (28 days) | |
| Bisacodyl (The Magic Bullet) | $5 (21 days) | |
| Modafinil (Provigil) | $596 (28 days) | |
| Raloxifene (Evista) | $105 (28 days) | |
| Deferasirox (Exjade) | $4742 (28 days) |
Who is at risk?
Groups of people at highest risk for dementia include age 75+ years age 60-74 years. On the other hand, age 1-4 years and age < 1 years almost never get dementia.
Age
| < 1 years | 0.0x | |
| 1-4 years | 0.0x | |
| 5-14 years | 0.2x | |
| 15-29 years | 0.1x | |
| 30-44 years | 0.1x | |
| 45-59 years | 0.6x | |
| 60-74 years | 2.0x | |
| 75+ years | 5.8x |
Sex
| Male | 0.9x | |
| Female | 1.1x |
Race/Ethnicity
| Black | 0.9x | |
| Hispanic | 0.6x | |
| White | 1.2x | |
| Other | 0.7x |
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