Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years. The symptoms of worsening kidney function are non-specific, and might include feeling generally unwell and experiencing a reduced appetite. Often, chronic kidney disease is diagnosed as a result of screening of people known to be at risk of kidney problems, such as those with high blood pressure or diabetes and those with a blood relative with chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease may also be identified when it leads to one of its recognized complications, such as cardiovascular disease, anemia or pericarditis.
Source: WikipediaWithin all the people who go to their doctor with chronic kidney disease, 35% report having fatigue, 25% report having shortness of breath, and 21% report having symptoms of the kidneys. The symptoms that are highly suggestive of chronic kidney disease are symptoms of the kidneys, although you may still have chronic kidney disease without those symptoms.
Patients with chronic kidney disease often receive hematologic tests, complete blood count, glucose measurement, urinalysis, electrolytes panel, lipid panel, hemoglobin a1c measurement and electrocardiogram .
The most commonly prescribed drugs for patients with chronic kidney disease include darbepoetin alfa (aranesp), epoetin alfa (procrit), allopurinol, nifedipine, hydralazine, calcitriol, labetalol, mycophenolate mofetil (cellcept), tacrolimus (prograf), sodium bicarbonate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate), colchicine and sevelamer (renvela) .
Darbepoetin Alfa (Aranesp) | $1004 (21 days) | |
Epoetin Alfa (Procrit) | $804 (21 days) | |
Allopurinol | $4 (28 days) | |
Nifedipine | $39 (28 days) | |
Hydralazine | $24 (28 days) | |
Calcitriol | $37 (28 days) | |
Labetalol | $19 (28 days) | |
Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept) | $263 (28 days) | |
Tacrolimus (Prograf) | $376 (28 days) | |
Sodium Bicarbonate | $18 (21 days) | |
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexalate) | $57 (14 days) | |
Colchicine | $30 (28 days) | |
Sevelamer (Renvela) | $453 (28 days) |
Groups of people at highest risk for chronic kidney disease include age 75+ years age 60-74 years.
< 1 years | 0.1x | |
1-4 years | 0.1x | |
5-14 years | 0.1x | |
15-29 years | 0.1x | |
30-44 years | 0.4x | |
45-59 years | 1.0x | |
60-74 years | 2.4x | |
75+ years | 3.4x |
Male | 1.3x | |
Female | 0.8x |
Black | 1.5x | |
Hispanic | 0.7x | |
White | 0.9x | |
Other | 1.2x |